Breathing Exercises for Anxiety & Panic Attacks

Breathing is one of the most overlooked tools for anxiety — probably because it needs to be practised regularly before you feel the results. Once you do, the effect is remarkable.

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Most people with anxiety have, over time, developed the habit of shallow chest breathing without realising it. It feels normal — but it quietly sustains the physical state of anxiety, keeping the body in a low-level version of fight-or-flight even when there's no immediate threat.

Proper breathing — deep, diaphragmatic breathing — does the opposite. It directly signals the nervous system to calm down, slowing the heart rate, lowering blood pressure, and reducing the cascade of physical symptoms that accompany anxiety and panic.

"As you control your breathing, you control your anxiety. The two are directly linked — and that link works in your favour."

Why chest breathing makes anxiety worse

When we breathe shallowly from the chest, we take in less oxygen per breath and exhale less carbon dioxide. The body interprets this as a stress signal — which activates more anxiety, which causes more shallow breathing. It's a self-reinforcing cycle. Breaking it starts with a single proper breath.

As Dr. Larry Deutsche, M.D., observed: anxiety sufferers tend to have got into the habit of shallow breathing over years. It's not a character flaw — it's a pattern, and patterns can be changed.

The technique — breathing from the stomach

How to practise diaphragmatic breathing

  1. Lie flat on your back, or sit comfortably with your back supported.
  2. Place one hand on your chest and one on your stomach.
  3. Breathe in slowly and deeply, aiming to raise your stomach — not your chest. Imagine inflating a balloon in your belly.
  4. Hold briefly, then exhale slowly and completely.
  5. The hand on your chest should barely move. The hand on your stomach should rise and fall clearly.

Newborn babies breathe this way naturally — stomach rising and falling, chest still. It is the default human breath, and anxiety has simply overwritten it. The practice is about returning to what the body already knows.

What the research shows

The Mayo Clinic documents a wide range of benefits from relaxation breathing, including:

Slowed heart rate
Lowered blood pressure
Reduced muscle tension
Improved concentration
Increased blood flow
Reduced anger and frustration
Boosted confidence
Slower breathing rate

Building it into daily life

The key word is daily. Breathing exercises practised only during panic attacks are much less effective than those built into a regular routine. Even five minutes of deliberate diaphragmatic breathing each morning — before the day begins and before anxiety has a chance to build — can make a measurable difference over weeks.

Use moments throughout the day as prompts: before a meeting, while waiting for something, at a red light. Each deliberate breath reinforces the pattern and gradually shifts your body's default state toward greater calm.

References

  1. Deutsche, L., M.D. Relax and Conquer Anxiety.
  2. Mayo Clinic. Relaxation techniques: Try these steps to reduce stress.
  3. Reader's Digest. 2002.
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